• BACKGROUND AND CHARACTERISTICS Cognitive Code The Cognitive- code approach of the 1970’s emphasized that language learning involved ACTIVE MENTAL PROCESSES. It was NOT JUST A PROCESS OF HABIT FORMATION. Lessons used to focus on learning grammatical structures. Cognitive code approach focuses on the importance of meaningful practice. The word "cognitive" refers to the process of thinking, solving problems, learning, and remembering. By definition, therefore, education must be viewed as a cognitive activity. CHARACTERISTICS: Moves from the known to the unknown. Promotes creative use of the language. Understanding of rule system. Learning should be meaningful. Interactive or content-based applicability.